Class java.lang.Math 
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Class java.lang.Math 

Object
   |
   +----java.lang.Math
public final class Math
extends Object
The class Math contains methods for performing basic numeric operations such as the elementary exponential, logarithm, square root, and trigonometric functions.

To help ensure portability of Java programs, the definitions of many of the numeric functions in this package require that they produce the same results as certain published algorithms. These algorithms are available from the well-known network library netlib as the package "Freely Distributable Math Library" (fdlibm). These algorithms, which are written in the C programming language, are then to be understood as executed with all floating-point operations following the rules of Java floating-point arithmetic.

The network library may be found on the World Wide Web at

then perform a keyword search for "fdlibm".

The Java math library is defined with respect to the version of fdlibm dated January 4, 1995. Where fdlibm provides more than one definition for a function (such as acos), use the "IEEE 754 core function" version (residing in a file whose name begins with the letter e).

Version:
1.25, 07/01/98
Author:
unascribed
Since:
JDK1.0

Variable Index

o E
The double value that is closer than any other to e, the base of the natural logarithms.
o PI
The double value that is closer than any other to pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

Method Index

o IEEEremainder(double, double)
Computes the remainder operation on two arguments as prescribed by the IEEE 754 standard.
o abs(int)
Returns the absolute value of an int value.
o abs(long)
Returns the absolute value of a long value.
o abs(float)
Returns the absolute value of a float value.
o abs(double)
Returns the absolute value of a double value.
o acos(double)
Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the range of 0.0 through pi.
o asin(double)
Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.
o atan(double)
Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.
o atan2(double, double)
Converts rectangular coordinates (b, a) to polar (r, theta).
o ceil(double)
Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) double value that is not less than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.
o cos(double)
Returns the trigonometric cosine of an angle.
o exp(double)
Returns the exponential number e (i.e., 2.718...) raised to the power of a double value.
o floor(double)
Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity) double value that is not greater than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.
o log(double)
Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of a double value.
o max(int, int)
Returns the greater of two int values.
o max(long, long)
Returns the greater of two long values.
o max(float, float)
Returns the greater of two float values.
o max(double, double)
Returns the greater of two double values.
o min(int, int)
Returns the smaller of two int values.
o min(long, long)
Returns the smaller of two long values.
o min(float, float)
Returns the smaller of two float values.
o min(double, double)
Returns the smaller of two double values.
o pow(double, double)
Returns of value of the first argument raised to the power of the second argument.
o random()
Returns a random number between 0.0 and 1.0.
o rint(double)
returns the closest integer to the argument.
o round(float)
Returns the closest int to the argument.
o round(double)
Returns the closest long to the argument.
o sin(double)
Returns the trigonometric sine of an angle.
o sqrt(double)
Returns the square root of a double value.
o tan(double)
Returns the trigonometric tangent of an angle.

Variables

o E 
public static final double E
The double value that is closer than any other to e, the base of the natural logarithms.

Since: JDK1.0
o PI 
public static final double PI
The double value that is closer than any other to pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.

Since: JDK1.0

Methods

o IEEEremainder 
public static native double IEEEremainder(double f1,
                                          double f2)
Computes the remainder operation on two arguments as prescribed by the IEEE 754 standard. The remainder value is mathematically equal to f1 - f2 × n, where n is the mathematical integer closest to the exact mathematical value of the quotient f1/f2, and if two mathematical integers are equally close to f1/f2, then n is the integer that is even. If the remainder is zero, its sign is the same as the sign of the first argument.

Parameters:
f1 - the dividend.
f2 - the divisor.
Returns:
the remainder when f1 is divided by f2.
Since:
JDK1.0
o abs 
public static int abs(int a)
Returns the absolute value of an int value. If the argument is not negative, the argument is returned. If the argument is negative, the negation of the argument is returned.

Note that if the argument is equal to the value of Integer.MIN_VALUE, the most negative representable int value, the result is that same value, which is negative.

Parameters:
a - an int value.
Returns:
the absolute value of the argument.
Since:
JDK1.0
See Also:
MIN_VALUE
o abs 
public static long abs(long a)
Returns the absolute value of a long value. If the argument is not negative, the argument is returned. If the argument is negative, the negation of the argument is returned.

Note that if the argument is equal to the value of Long.MIN_VALUE, the most negative representable long value, the result is that same value, which is negative.

Parameters:
a - a long value.
Returns:
the absolute value of the argument.
Since:
JDK1.0
See Also:
MIN_VALUE
o abs 
public static float abs(float a)
Returns the absolute value of a float value. If the argument is not negative, the argument is returned. If the argument is negative, the negation of the argument is returned.

Parameters:
a - a float value.
Returns:
the absolute value of the argument.
Since:
JDK1.0
o abs 
public static double abs(double a)
Returns the absolute value of a double value. If the argument is not negative, the argument is returned. If the argument is negative, the negation of the argument is returned.

Parameters:
a - a double value.
Returns:
the absolute value of the argument.
Since:
JDK1.0
o acos 
public static native double acos(double a)
Returns the arc cosine of an angle, in the range of 0.0 through pi.

Parameters:
a - an angle, in radians.
Returns:
the arc cosine of the argument.
Since:
JDK1.0
o asin 
public static native double asin(double a)
Returns the arc sine of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.

Parameters:
a - an angle, in radians.
Returns:
the arc sine of the argument.
Since:
JDK1.0
o atan 
public static native double atan(double a)
Returns the arc tangent of an angle, in the range of -pi/2 through pi/2.

Parameters:
a - an angle, in radians.
Returns:
the arc tangent of the argument.
Since:
JDK1.0
o atan2 
public static native double atan2(double a,
                                  double b)
Converts rectangular coordinates (b, a) to polar (r, theta). This method computes the phase theta by computing an arc tangent of b/a in the range of -pi to pi.

Parameters:
a - a double value.
b - a double value.
Returns:
the theta component of the point (r, theta) in polar coordinates that corresponds to the point (b, a) in Cartesian coordinates.
Since:
JDK1.0
o ceil 
public static native double ceil(double a)
Returns the smallest (closest to negative infinity) double value that is not less than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.

Parameters:
a - a double value.
Returns:
the smallest (closest to negative infinity) double value that is not less than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.
Since:
JDK1.0
o cos 
public static native double cos(double a)
Returns the trigonometric cosine of an angle.

Parameters:
a - an angle, in radians.
Returns:
the cosine of the argument.
Since:
JDK1.0
o exp 
public static native double exp(double a)
Returns the exponential number e (i.e., 2.718...) raised to the power of a double value.

Parameters:
a - a double value.
Returns:
the value ea, where e is the base of the natural logarithms.
Since:
JDK1.0
o floor 
public static native double floor(double a)
Returns the largest (closest to positive infinity) double value that is not greater than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.

Parameters:
a - a double value.
a - an assigned value.
Returns:
the largest (closest to positive infinity) double value that is not greater than the argument and is equal to a mathematical integer.
Since:
JDK1.0
o log 
public static native double log(double a)
Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of a double value.

Parameters:
a - a number greater than 0.0.
Returns:
the value ln a, the natural logarithm of a.
Since:
JDK1.0
o max 
public static int max(int a,
                      int b)
Returns the greater of two int values.

Parameters:
a - an int value.
b - an int value.
Returns:
the larger of a and b.
Since:
JDK1.0
o max 
public static long max(long a,
                       long b)
Returns the greater of two long values.

Parameters:
a - a long value.
b - a long value.
Returns:
the larger of a and b.
Since:
JDK1.0
o max 
public static float max(float a,
                        float b)
Returns the greater of two float values. If either value is NaN, then the result is NaN. Unlike the the numerical comparison operators, this method considers negative zero to be strictly smaller than positive zero.

Parameters:
a - a float value.
b - a float value.
Returns:
the larger of a and b.
Since:
JDK1.0
o max 
public static double max(double a,
                         double b)
Returns the greater of two double values. If either value is NaN, then the result is NaN. Unlike the the numerical comparison operators, this method considers negative zero to be strictly smaller than positive zero.

Parameters:
a - a double value.
b - a double value.
Returns:
the larger of a and b.
Since:
JDK1.0
o min 
public static int min(int a,
                      int b)
Returns the smaller of two int values.

Parameters:
a - an int value.
b - an int value.
Returns:
the smaller of a and b.
Since:
JDK1.0
o min 
public static long min(long a,
                       long b)
Returns the smaller of two long values.

Parameters:
a - a long value.
b - a long value.
Returns:
the smaller of a and b.
Since:
JDK1.0
o min 
public static float min(float a,
                        float b)
Returns the smaller of two float values. If either value is NaN, then the result is NaN. Unlike the the numerical comparison operators, this method considers negative zero to be strictly smaller than positive zero.

Parameters:
a - a float value.
b - a float value.
Returns:
the smaller of a and b.
Since:
JDK1.0
o min 
public static double min(double a,
                         double b)
Returns the smaller of two double values. If either value is NaN, then the result is NaN. Unlike the the numerical comparison operators, this method considers negative zero to be strictly smaller than positive zero.

Parameters:
a - a double value.
b - a double value.
Returns:
the smaller of a and b.
Since:
JDK1.0
o pow 
public static native double pow(double a,
                                double b)
Returns of value of the first argument raised to the power of the second argument.

If (a == 0.0), then b must be greater than 0.0; otherwise an exception is thrown. An exception also will occur if (a <= 0.0) and b is not equal to a whole number.

Parameters:
a - a double value.
b - a double value.
Returns:
the value ab.
Throws: ArithmeticException
if (a == 0.0) and (b <= 0.0), or if (a <= 0.0) and b is not equal to a whole number.
Since:
JDK1.0
o random 
public static synchronized double random()
Returns a random number between 0.0 and 1.0. Random number generators are often referred to as pseudorandom number generators because the numbers produced tend to repeat themselves after a period of time.

Returns:
a pseudorandom double between 0.0 and 1.0.
Since:
JDK1.0
See Also:
nextDouble()
o rint 
public static native double rint(double a)
returns the closest integer to the argument.

Parameters:
a - a double value.
Returns:
the closest double value to a that is equal to a mathematical integer. If two double values that are mathematical integers are equally close to the value of the argument, the result is the integer value that is even.
Since:
JDK1.0
o round 
public static int round(float a)
Returns the closest int to the argument.

If the argument is negative infinity or any value less than or equal to the value of Integer.MIN_VALUE, the result is equal to the value of Integer.MIN_VALUE.

If the argument is positive infinity or any value greater than or equal to the value of Integer.MAX_VALUE, the result is equal to the value of Integer.MAX_VALUE.

Parameters:
a - a float value.
Returns:
the value of the argument rounded to the nearest int value.
Since:
JDK1.0
See Also:
MAX_VALUE, MIN_VALUE
o round 
public static long round(double a)
Returns the closest long to the argument.

If the argument is negative infinity or any value less than or equal to the value of Long.MIN_VALUE, the result is equal to the value of Long.MIN_VALUE.

If the argument is positive infinity or any value greater than or equal to the value of Long.MAX_VALUE, the result is equal to the value of Long.MAX_VALUE.

Parameters:
a - a double value.
Returns:
the value of the argument rounded to the nearest long value.
Since:
JDK1.0
See Also:
MAX_VALUE, MIN_VALUE
o sin 
public static native double sin(double a)
Returns the trigonometric sine of an angle.

Parameters:
a - an angle, in radians.
Returns:
the sine of the argument.
Since:
JDK1.0
o sqrt 
public static native double sqrt(double a)
Returns the square root of a double value.

Parameters:
a - a double value.
Returns:
the square root of a. If the argument is NaN or less than zero, the result is NaN.
Since:
JDK1.0
o tan 
public static native double tan(double a)
Returns the trigonometric tangent of an angle.

Parameters:
a - an angle, in radians.
Returns:
the tangent of the argument.
Since:
JDK1.0 
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